Optical tissue sensors based on sapphire probes and diffuse reflection signal processing

Abstract

We describe the application of sapphire instruments for spatially resolved diffuse reflectance measurement aimed at tissue monitoring and examination. In particular, the recent results of using sapphire cryoapplicator and compact probe are discussed. Such instruments can be used for estimation of tissue freezing depth during cryosurgery or sending microcirculation disorder in tissues. For in situ optical measurements, these instruments have several fibers accommodated inside the thin channels of the sapphire crystals. Signal processi g is based on the frequency resolved and steady-state analysis of temporal evolution of diffuse reflectance.