Актуальные вопросы применения ракетного топлива и его воздействия на окружающую среду

Abstract

Analysis of the current state of launch vehicles (SV) shows that the existing launch vehicles (LV) during emergency situations do not satisfy the requirements of environmental safety of using CT, the regulated by normative and technical documents, this involves the use of highly toxic components of rocket fuel (MCT). Liquid propellant affect many processes that are using toxic components adds additional costs to ensure environmental safety. Among main requirements for engines to use multiple flight release requirements for rocket fuel: low cost, environmental safeness, a wide source of raw materials, used in other industries, high power characteristics, reliability and trouble-free. Thus meet environmental requirements already mastered fuel compositions: kerosene and oxygen, oxygen and hydrogen, oxygen and methane. Despite all difficulties of using clean fuels, the possibility and expediency of creation engines with fuel, supported by design studies, experimental studies and already developed engines: RD-192 (NPO "Energomash" based on RD-191), the RD-182 (NPO "Energomash" based on RD-120K), the RD-0146 (KBKhA), RD0162 (KBKhA), KVD1 (KBHIMMash), C5.86.1000-0 (KBHIMMash) and other. We have analyzed the characteristics listed toxic and environmentally friendly fuel compositions, the specifics of their application, as well as the analysis of the environmental impacts of used fuel vapor.